The Republic: Protagoras, Gorgias, and Meno :: Philosophy Morals Neo Aristotelianism Papers

The Republic Protagoras, Gorgias, and MenoOne vigorous line of thought in contemporary moral philosophy, which I shall call Neo-Aristotelianism, centers on three things (1) a rejection of traditional enlightenment moral theories like Kantianism and utilitarianism (2) a carry that another look at the ethical concerns and projects of ancient Greek thought might second us past the impasse into which enlightenment moral theories have left us (3) more particularly, an attempt to reinterpret Aristotles ethical work for the late(a) twentieth-century so as to transcend this impasse. The Neo-Aristotelian Rejection of PlatoNeo-Aristotelians like Martha Nussbaum(1) and Alasdair MacIntyre,(2) in spite of their many differences,(3) are thitherfore united not only in their positive binge to Aristotle but also in their rejection of Plato and Platos Socrates.(4) And yet some features of these rejections invite further reflection. Nussbaum, for example, consistently recognizes that the Socratic-P latonic project requires us to remake ourselves In short, I claim that in the Protagoras Socrates tours us, in the guise of empirical description, a radical proposal for the transformation of our lives. (FG 117, LK 112) But to what extent has she done justice to the particular kind of remaking Plato has Socrates offer us? More pointedly, does she acknowledge the extent to which Socrates aims at focussing his interlocutors on a process of questioning, rather than simply handing doctrine over to them?(5) Or has her Socrates been planate out, his dialogical style rendered monological, so as to support her overall thesis more easily?(6) As for MacIntyre, does he see clearly enough the parallel between his own work and Platos when he says that in his earlier dialogues Plato is pointing to a general state of incoherence in the use of evaluative language in Athenian culture (AV 131)? Mutatis mutandis, isnt this precisely what the opening chapters of After Virtue attempt to show? And to wh at extent must MacIntyres quest for the good in his crucial chapter The Virtues, the Unity of a Human Life and the Concept of a Tradition be committed to a Platonic, rather than Aristotelian, notion of the good? When he says now it is important to emphasize that it is the systematic asking of these two questions What is the good for me? and What is the good for man? and the attempt to answer them in deed as tumesce as in word which provide the moral life with its unity (AV 219, emphasis added), isnt it Platos Socrates who serves as the ultimate source of inspiration here?

Car Vs SUV Essays -- essays research papers

Technology has brought many luxuries to lot. The invention of the automobile has brought convenience to everyday living. People use their fomites to permute to work, school, home, and other events. Some people cannot even imagine living life without the use of an automobile. People have different tastes in the type of automobile that they start out the automotive industry has made several different ways to commute. The car and the sports utility vehicle seem to be the most common types. The sports utility vehicle is inferior to the car.The sports utility vehicles harm the environment more then cars do. It takes more gas to fill up these vehicles, and the big engines consume it as if theyre where no tomorrow. The weight of the vehicle also contributes heavily to this consumption since it needs to burn more fuel to drive it. The sports utility vehicle harms everybody with all of its emissions that it emits into the environment. However, driving a car does not bring the emissions a s high. The smaller engines and the lightweight of cars make them a Low Emissions Vehicle (LEV). Since cars produce less smog, the government has labeled them LEV. This allows people to be able to travel the same distance while producing fewer emissions. In return, the environment is much cleaner.Safety is another issue that makes the sports utility vehicle inferior to the car. The number of deaths with people driving the sports utility v...

International Differences Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

International DifferencesDid you ever think about what it takes for an international student to come to America for a college education? They have to leave their family and friends, and as we do, but at a much farther distance. I cannot imagine amount of money and time it must take to plan a trip across the world, all for a new, exciting learning experience.Right now, many of us have just moved to a large university and begun a life on our own. It seems like a tough idea to grasp when you are just starting to look at colleges, while still in high school or another point in your life. When the time comes, though, hopefully you will be ready for a change. International students have to bonk through this same situation, at an even larger scale.I met Jennifer Kuesar the first day I came to Barton Residence Hall, my current residence. I was very nervous, anticipating the time when I would see my living space for the next year. I hoped that there would be some other girls their to meet a nd talk to about my life at Iowa claim University. Luckily, I was in the right place at the right time. Jennifer is a 20-year-old, sophomore, working toward a degree in food science. She was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, and and then moved to East Kalimantan, but her family now resides in Jamarinda. She has moved around quite a bit in her life. That may be why her expedition to this university has not been as terrifying as it has been for her other friends.Jennifer says that English is a foreign language in Indonesia. You take it as a class, just as an American would take a Spanish class in school. Her first language is Indonesian. Within her family, everyone knows how to speak English except for her mother, as they all sound to the U.S. for b... ...ar, and did not go to all of the events. It did not keep their attention. If Cultural Days and Destination Days occurred at thesame time, the student would have the choice to get manifold in one activity, or the other, or both if it could be worked out that way. This would hopefully keep the students more involved and busy in their first workweek away from home.If Cultural Days could help students to understand new cultures, meet some new friends, and get to know the anxieties of others are mutual, I think that the device Jennifer and I thought of could be a success. This idea is good because it is optional and can interest students of all backgrounds. If you choose to participate, you are guaranteed to enjoy yourself, and in bout tell your peers. People should learn more about others around them. It could only make life at Iowa State University easier and better

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

Millions of American women struggle with eating disorders. An eating disorder is a disturbance in eating behavior. Most people associate eating disorders with anorexia nervosa, "active self-starvation or sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins" (Coon 133), or bulimia nervosa, "excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/ or taking laxatives (Coon 411). They need to purge their bodies of calories in any way possible, so they may similarly use diuretics or even exercise compulsively. Their body images are severely distorted. Theyre the most talked about and the best studied eating disorders, and researchers estimate that nearly 7 million women in the united States suffer from either anorexia or bulimia. But theres a newly recognized condition k directlyn as binge-eating disorder that is now considered the most common eating disorder. In the U.S. population, it has a frequency of about one to four out of e very one hundred p eople.Although eating disorders purify women much more often than they do men, it is estimated that about one million American men suffer from either anorexia or bulimia, and millions more bedevil binge-eating disorder. alimentation disorders are much more prevalent in industrialized countries. According to the American psychiatric Association, eating disorders are most common in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and South Africa.     Americans today live in a fat-phobic society where, from a very early age, girls are raised to think that thin is better. The storied writer and theater critic Dorothy Parker once said, "no woman can be too rich or too thin," words that quickly became a catchphrase still used today. Many of us grow up learning to associate fat with ugliness and failure. Advertisements bombard us with thinner-than-normal models. Most leave out America contestants and fashion supermodels are more than fiftee n percent below the expected weight for their height and age, a criterion for anorexia according to the American Psychiatric Association (Breen). It is not surprising to hear reports of healthy, children of normal weight who are concerned about their diet and afraid of becoming too fat, and of an increasing turn of girls who havent yet reached puberty who are showing signs of... ...ill take care of it for them. Their mindset needs to bechanged, so by taking these burdens off of their shoulders, they will have less to worry about and more time to concentrate on getting well. This whole process is very difficult and very time eat but well worth it in the end. These victims are probably the most caring and selfless of anyone, and they need to realize this point. So in helping them do so, you need to show them how many people are there for them and how many people care them and want them to get better. Basically, the good feelings are going to decide to overpower the negative mind, m aking it mute.      In conclusion, eating disorders are treatable through proper care and therapy. It is not something to take lightly and needs to be enured as soon as possible. Thoughthese disorders can be treated they will never be completely cured they are more chthonian control than anything. So just because a person may start to eat more does not mean that everything is over and should be forgotten. Right from the very beginning when it is firstnoticed that there is a problem, professional help should be sought out.

Independent Spirit Essay :: essays research papers

There target be a difference between a open and independent natures. Independent spirits can be found in everyone and how your independent spirit can help others.A person with an independent spirit can take maintenance of him or herself. Being a person with an independent spirit can be good set your own rules and regulations, do jobs and chores whenever you want to, and do whatever you tactile sensation like doing. With an independent spirit, you catch a lot of freedom. But with a dependent spirit, a person would have limitations and restrictions. A child would have a dependent spirit, relying on his or her parents to help guild and nurture. But, with a dependent spirit, a person wouldnt feel the effects of an independent spirit. An independent spirit would have the stress to work for a living, take care of any children, and payoff bills and other deductions.Everyone has an independent spirit. some havent found it yet, some used it in his or hers everyday life, and some dont even know that they have one. younker children would be an example of a person who hasnt found it. An adult uses it everyday to get by, to take responsibility for his or hers actions and words. And a person deficiency abilities to take care of him or herself wouldnt know if he or she had an independent spirit, because he or she may have had special attention at a young age, all the way to adulthood, but didnt know how.With your independent spirit, you can teach and help people how to find their independent spirit. It can help others by going through daily routines. By doing this, he or she can get a feel on how to take care of him or herself.

Independent Spirit Essay :: essays research papers

There can be a difference between a dependent and mugwump spirits. Independent spirits can be bring in everyone and how your independent spirit can help others.A person with an independent spirit can take care of him or herself. Being a person with an independent spirit can be good set your own rules and regulations, do jobs and chores whenever you want to, and do whatever you feel like doing. With an independent spirit, you have a lot of freedom. But with a dependent spirit, a person would have limitations and restrictions. A child would have a dependent spirit, relying on his or her parents to help guild and nurture. But, with a dependent spirit, a person wouldnt feel the effects of an independent spirit. An independent spirit would have the striving to work for a living, take care of any children, and payoff bills and other deductions.Everyone has an independent spirit. Some havent pitch it yet, some used it in his or hers everyday life, and some dont even know that they have one. Young children would be an example of a person who hasnt found it. An adult uses it everyday to get by, to take responsibility for his or hers actions and words. And a person lack abilities to take care of him or herself wouldnt know if he or she had an independent spirit, because he or she may have had special attention at a young age, all the way to adulthood, but didnt know how.With your independent spirit, you can teach and help people how to find their independent spirit. It can help others by going through daily routines. By doing this, he or she can get a feel on how to take care of him or herself.

Building Your Own Legacy: A Retirement Speech

It was 1966 when a young man/woman entered this company immature and raw, with an overall purpose of doing nothing but being sufficient to exit it with the accomplishment that still the best employees could have done.This man/woman who is now about to exit the door of this company, now proudly declares that the best thing that an employee could have done in his/her working life story is being adapted to leave behind a legacy that is unique to his/her characteristic and ability, receptive to all obtainable opportunities, passionate to all types of toil or hustle, and commendable to as many colleagues as the situation can.On this day, we commemorate the celebration of this man/womans retirement in a profession where only the striving is able to reach the end of the road, with a pen in the right hand and a pad on the left, regardless of our companys opportunities, objectives, and general mission. This man/woman was able to contribute a great deal to us.It was the year 1973 when he/s he was given an integrity award for being able to write a forty-two-paged report on the MA Hub Jetliner Crash in Boston on July of that same year. By 1979, he/she was declared as The Most Valuable Employee of the Year for having been driven public contribution that reached $2. 3 million in totality for the Give a Gift on Christmas. It was an award that repeated again in 1983 for our Share a Lot visualise that gave the company recognition award from the U.S. Department of Labor.There were also awards, recognitions and special accolades in the years 1987, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, and 2008 for achievements, which told us that this man/woman born in name of city is one that redefined the true meaning of what a real employee is one that is built in true service of his department and the company for the betterment of the public and the country.It appears that the self is worthless without the passion to serve another(prenominal) people for a future that is bright, bountiful, and booming. Reference Events that touched our ancestors lives. (2008). Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http//www3. gendisasters. com/taxonomy_menu/4/239.

Expository Essay – Cory and Noynoy Aquino

Aquinos Cory and Noynoy on Politics Cory and Noynoy were some(prenominal) known in the field of politics they reach their hopes, visions and actions toward change to help our inelegant in the area of economic development in general, and as well as its citizens. They also had several major(ip) accomplishments that benefited the Filipinos and helped the body politic to cope up from despair. They both had their start in the said realm. Cory being the first one to step on the governance than Noynoy, started in year 1986 and state as the first female president of the Republic of the Philippines and Asia.Noynoy, following the examples left by his gallant parents took part in politics and considered as the fourth-generation politician of their family He entered in year 1998 as a member of the House of Representatives from Tarlacs 2nd district and now as the 15th and current president of our nation (since June 2010). two of them envisioned and took actions to provide a better tomorrow to every Filipino. Corys motivation in handling governance was to bring back economic wellness and confidence after Marcos abusive acts under his reign that brought misery to our country.She also envisioned and made achievements that First, agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administrations mixer legislative agenda. Second, she reinstated the writ of habeas corpus, the right of a prisoner to appear before a judge, and abolished the governances ability to imprison great deal at will, which had been in effect since 1981. Third, she promised to drive the right to assemble peaceably, and free speech along with prosecuting corruption and abusers of human rights.Fourth, she said she would revitalize the sugar industry by breaking the monopoly. She acknowledged the limited relationship with the United States but emphasized that her concern was with the Filipinos, not the Americans. Even after her sovereignty, she was heavily involved in several charitable activities a nd socio-economic initiatives. She supported new(prenominal) causes such as the Gawad Kalinga social housing project for the poor and homeless. Noynoy on the other hand, continuously pushes for legislation which helps Filipino workers and consumers. The President also nvisioned and takes actions that First, in 2016 tourist arrivals will figure at 10 million Second, by next year he forecasted that we will be a rice sufficient country and will have the capability to get back as a rice exporting country Third, infrastructure projects for the next year Fourth, strengthening our defence capabilities especially now that we are in dispute with China over the West Philippine Sea Fifth, his call for the congress to amend the Anti-Money Laundering Act, the revise of the Mining Law which will increase the percentage of the governments share in the revenues from mining Sixth, the passing of the sin tax law and the governments achievement in the fight against corruption through the successfu l impeachment trial of the former Chief Justice Renato Corona, and many other countless plans for the Philippines. Cory and Noynoy achieved major accomplishments during their administration. First, on Corys term, she restored Philippine democracy and provided freedom for the citizens.Second, she improved agrarian and land reform And after stepping down from the presidency, Cory Aquino remained active in helping reboot the fragile Philippine democracy. Largely through the Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. Foundation (BSAF), she supported programs that promoted people empowerment, peace and human rights. In the final years of her life, she devoted often condemnations time and energy to harnessing private sector support for the microfinance sector. Her vision was to strengthen the infrastructure that would transform micro-enterprise development into a potent vehicle for raising people power to the next level, slowly creating a broad middle class that would fortify the foundations of Philippine democracy. Meanwhile, on Noynoys period of influence, the country had gains in touristry and agriculture.He also continuously works on his pursuance for a corruption-free country and other numerous concerns that our nation faces. President Cory did not pursue for more time in power after her term. She strongly declined the requests for her to seek reelection for she wanted to set an example to both citizens and politicians that the presidency is not a lifetime position. Cory and Noynoy are both effective leaders They may have different advocacies but their goal centers on change and a brighter future for our country. They both started on politics, had visions and pursues for change as well as success and had carried out major accomplishments for the Filipinos.

Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by: Ernest Jones)

pg. 101 Explanation of Hamlets Mystery by Ernest Jones Much as he hates him, he can never denounce him with the ardent indignation that boils heterosexual from his blood when he reproaches his mother, for the more vigorously he denounces his uncle the more powerfully does he stimulate to activity his feature unconscious and repressed complexes. He is there- ahead in a dilemma between on the one hand allowing his natural detestation of his uncle to have free play, a consum- mation which would make him aware of his own horrible ishes, and on the other ignoring the imperative call for ven- geance that his obvious duty demands. He must either realise his own evil in denouncing his uncles, or strive to ignore, to condone and if possible even to forget the latter in continuing to repress the former his moral fate is bound up with his uncles for goodish or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mothers husb and, whether this is the first or the second the latter call is strongly repressed, and therefore necessarily the former also.It is no mere chance that he says of himself that he is prompted to the revenge by heaven and hell, though the true significance of the expres- sion of melodic phrase quite escapes him. Hamlets dammed-up feeling finds a partial vent in other directions, the natural one being blocked. The petulant irascibility and explosive outbursts called forth by the vexa- tion of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, and especially of Polo- nius, are evidently to be interpreted in this way, as also is in part the burning nature of his reproaches to his mother. In- deed towards the end of the consultation with his mother the hought of her misconduct expresses itself in that almost physical disgust which is so often the manifestation of in- tensely repressed sexual feeling. Let the bloat tycoon tempt you again to bed Pinch wanton on your cheek call you his mouse And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, Or paddling in your lie with with his damnd fingers, Make you to ravel all this matter out. His attitude towards Polonius is highly instructive. Here the absence of family tie, and of other influences, enables him to indulge to a relatively unrestrained degree his dislike towards the prating and sententious dotard.

Fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners

Case fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners Key Decision Develop a brand strategy to increase fantastiks gross revenue and maintain its leadership position in the increasingly competitive all-purpose cleaner market. Problem/Opportunity fantastik has limited financial resources to promote and develop its brand. Also, otherwise heavy price discounting and parvenu higher-priced cleaning products have threatened fantastiks market stellar(a) position. Thus, fantastik needs to lower its retail price or stick in product categories to attract and maintain customers.Stakeholders Johnson family expediency from the profits earned and success of the business. Customers need the strong cleaning function provided by the cleaners. Employees need a immutable and safe working environment and expected salaries. abstract Internal fantastik has leading brand equity in industry and strong social responsibility that rive to communities and the environment, thus customers who pursue green lifestyle could b e loyal to fantastic. Moreover, fantastiks retail price $3. 9 is relatively high compared with its competitors, thus it may support customers who are price sensitive. External Consumers are moving towards environmentally friendly products, it gives fantastik a substantially opportunity and competitive advantage to compete with other competitors. Consumer Analysis The target market is women aged from 25 to 49 who are responsible for the cleanness at home and has upper ho purposehold income. They are concerned about spirit of life, thus they prefer to purchase product with high quality.Competitive Analysis The competitors are other all-purpose cleaners such as Lysol, Easy Off Bam, Mr. Clean, Vim, Hertel and cliquish label. Those competitors offer lower retail price than fantastik and have strong cleaning function. Especially, private label products have the advantage of high margin for retailer and good shelf space. Alternative Marketing Strategies Decision criteria 1. Maintain co mpetitive market share 2. Commit to environment 3. Allocate limited financial recourses successfullyAlternatives 1. Develop new take of product and consistent with environmental responsibility. 2. Reduce retail price to remain competitive in the market. 3. Develop new scent of fantastik. It will make up too much to do market research and test and its easy to be copied by competitors. Recommendation Decision fantastik should develop new form of product and be consistent with environmental responsibility to attract more customers and improve household penetration, thus it can extend its product life cycle.Implementation visualise Marketing Strategy Target women aged from 25 to 49 who are responsible to do the cleanness of home and position high quality and functional benefit of product. Marketing Mix Produce higher quality and new function product and commit to environment responsibility to earn brand equity from customers, and use higher retail price to indicate its high quality a nd make profit through high margin in the beginning.Moreover, company should use person-to-person selling, product show and shelf advertising as promotion strategy. Finally, company can choose convenience stores nearby community as distribution centres in addition to major grocery, drug and mass merchandisers. Expected Results fantastik can increase its dollar share by 4% in 2007 and keep its market leading position through implementing the marketing strategy.

Five Pages of Group Development

Describe the five stages of group instruction briefly and exempt how relationships form in groups. There is no doubt that great conference is important, and this in no different when working in groups. lay out unmatched of the five stages of group development is basically the getting to know from each one member of the group. Getting to know the group allows each member to talk about one anothers strengths, weaknesses, and what is expected from the group. During this stage it is alike important to choose a leader, set up an agenda and create deadlines to reach the end goal. full stop two is for brainstorming and creative thinking.The challenging part of stage two is to make sure anyone is heard, everyones feelings are expressed productively, and creativity is fostered among the team. Stage trey has some challenging characteristics in this stage the skills, energy, and individual spirit of each team member is coordinated into the work being done so far. Stage four should be seen as the point where the team becomes independent and removes the leader. This allows the group to open airly communicate each members work to make sure the project is on task and any problems are quickly addressed as not to delay the assignment.Stage five is communicating the end and adjourning the group. This final stage allows for each group member to talk about the entire process, while communicating if the members expectations were met. Communication within a group should be open and honest if a break-down occurs changes must me made. When a groups communication fails, the task will besides fail. Role of communication in group development works like in the human body. Communication role starts the moment when the group member get together very first time in forming phase, be that face to face interaction or in virtual word.Through interaction each member assesses other member behavior patterns, personality, professionalism, there willing to work with the group and groups goal. Communication plays essential part in building perception as well. It helps in making tame decisions, and creating positive perception in the eyes of group members. When group member enters in storming phases, which is also called as Confrontive or Power phase, the challenges of this group stage is that every member should get to express their feelings productively , to avoid any misunderstanding and fraction between them.Member interact with each other and their thoughts, views and ideas clashes, in this having prim communication skills are very signifi micklet, as it will help the group to stay on track and understand each others thinking in cohesive, understanding and open environment. In case of virtual team, proper communication establish clear expectations, resolving conflict, decision making and to build trust. virtual(prenominal) teams work best when there is a strong communication structure in the organization or area which clarifies shared expectations and people are willingly communicate openly and honestly.Communication is the key to resolve conflict, between group members to come to consensus, and it also helps members move positively from conflicts towards commitment to the group. Lack of good communication between members can result in arising more personal conflicts which can take group to a different track and group goal can suffer. In norming stage also called as constructive stage, communication help members to sharing ideas, feelings and giving feedback to each other and soliciting feedback, exploring actions and sharing information related to the task.It also support in fostering diversity in the group and taking the most use of it, by understanding and encouraging members to contribute in interchange and present their understandings. Group members start to know each other personality and, communication helps in building relationship among team members. In performing stage, also called as productive stage, group perform as well o rganized unit, they are interdependent and work through issues smoothly and effectively by utilize effective and efficient communication.

Effective Teamwork Questionnaire Essay

Answer each question in 200 to 300 words, using specific culture from the text, Helping Annie, Team Building, and Building a Team of Talent videos, and your research and experience.1. What are the characteristics of effective police squads? How will you en for certain your collaborative team works effectively? Effective team are significant, and their functions crucial to their success. I have found that clear goals, relaxed environment, open communication, and freedom to express ideas and feelings are great shipway to ensure success. In the video Helping Annie, the dynamics of the team were lost due to lack of training, who was right and who could be trustworthy. When team members fancy, they should feel as though they blend in with the base. They should feel a commitment to the goals and achievements to the concourse.What I screw about pigeonholings are, that having valued diversity, defined roles, balanced participation, and cooperative relationships all(a)eviate with moving the group to a positive outcome. As a participative leader, as it is said in our eBook Working In Groups, there is a balance of primary roles and when team members know their roles, work to their strengths, and actively manage weaknesses. (Engleberg, 2013, p. 55). I will commit myself to ensuring I respect commitments, consistent communication to the group, collaborate, and contribute to the groups goals and ideas with valuable information that helps in the decisions. I will also be aware of the groups diversity, talents and dynamics. I bring knowledge of how to deal with problems, planning techniques and ways to amend myself within the group.2. How will you deal with conduct that hurts your teams objectives? With conflict in a group environment, I would handle it with respect, recognition, focused on obligation and be aware of unfulfilled needs of that particular team member. I would not reward the difficult behavior nor would I further the disruptive behavior. I believe that if you ignore it or sweep it under the mat it takes time, energy away from the group, and Iwould want the group to resolve it quickly. I would make sure that I/we do not citizen or brand that person as a trouble maker. I would work together with the group and the individual and encourage each new(prenominal) to focus on the groups interests and not individuals position.It is also important to look for opportunities that encourage and empower each team member in the group. I would express a sensitive listening ear to uncover the root of the problem. Listing out the objectives to the individual and the group and reminding them why we are here and how to turn over them Practicing direct communications, body language and clarifying questions helps resolve the situation and gives the group clarity to the behavior. In dealing with behavior that is disruptive to the group can be a challenge in itself, however it can be resolved with patients and a good listener.3. What are your proa ctive processes to keep a team member up to date if he or she misses a meeting? What are your backup plans if things are not working(a) on your team? There are several great ways to keep a team member up to date. Develop and cultivate lucky ways to stay connected with those that miss. Face-to-Face and computer-mediated communications are great ways to reconnect and share ideas, goals and feelings. Face-to-Face provide excellent results in effectiveness, comprehension, and gives opportunities to be improve on the use of technology. It builds up respect, inclusion and grows your professional relationship with the team member and group.Update through venues such as emails, skyping, this can be gainsay to coordinate, this provides another source of information. This can save time, money and bring the meeting/information to others that live far away. When things do not work out as they are supposed to, I chose to take a moment and find out where things went areaway. Encourage others to share and discuss what happened and create new plans, goals that incorporate processes that help us stay on track. Back up plans help in always being prepared for when things dont just right. When setting up your backup plans, tap into the group and find team members that have knowledge and expertise in planning. As I use this, it will set up the entire team in a supportive and positive atmosphere.4. How will you use technology to support your teams efforts? What are somequestions you should regard? Working with technology has made it easier to communicate, track the individuals / groups progress and increasing productivity. With using an assortment of media platforms such as emails, Skype, video conferencing,instant messaging, and facetalk. These software programs can assist in better group communication, making decisions, and discussing issues easily. I will educate, create a how to of resources that will include information on each media platform. I would bring the group tog ether in collaboration to see where they are with technology and create a smaller group to assist in the training.As new technology is made available, have continued training and education of the group as to stay current with technology. As with new technology always assessing the software, cell phones, computers, servers and other products are current. This will produce a group that is collaborating, productive, which will benefit the company and group. Asking questions is a great way to understand and know your group. With technology, it is important to find out what media platforms the group are already using. I would also ask how can we stay on task with these different media platforms and which ones work outperform for the group. Stay consistent with the goal/ objective and have a group that through technology use, departs one unit5. Is your team more task-focused or relationship-focused? wherefore? What are the implications to your team? I find that our group is a mixture o f both task-focused and relationship-focused. I have seen just in the last class that we all want to succeed and grow from each others experience. With having the mixture of the two, the work is defined, and roles expected. There are structures in place a plan devised and we are organized to meet our tasks. As the group continues to work together, there is a supportive, motivating, and collaborating group. We are concerned with each person ideas, thoughts and actions. With these two types of people in the group, we can be productive, accomplish a lot and have a good time in doing it.Although with task-focused or relationship-focused, set up activities and follow up and follow through. With tasks, you can do it with encouragement and empower each team member to always do their best. Through the recommendations from our text this week, have an agenda, plan out your tasks, involve each team member, listen, and encourage them. By engagingyour team, you can meet the challenges of busines s head on and with seasoned team members involved you can pull from their experiences and knowledge. They will become confident, learning new skills and lead successful change.REFERENCESEngleberg, Isa. (2013). WorkinWorking in Groups Communication Principles and Strategies,Sixth Edition, by Isa N. Engleberg and Dianna R. Wynn. promulgated by Pearson.g in GroupsCommunication Principles and Strategies, Sixth Edition, by Isa N. Engleberg and Dianna R.Wynn. Published by Pearson. (6th ed.). Pearson.

Environmental regulation of oil and gas Essay

Demand and supplyIntroduction The global oil and gas industry face an External Environment that is more dynamic, more challenging, and more diverse less understood and has greater information symmetry. These Environmental factors include Political, economical, expert, Legal, Environmental and social factors. Political Environment This involves the risk that semipolitical decisions and events that occur realismwide can affect the profitability and sustainability of the investment in the global oil and gas industry. Political decisions are very diverse and so they influence the oil and gas industry. For example, if there is political unrest in the major Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) there could be no smooth trading operations of the oil and gas industry, thus oil and gas companies tend to prefer countries with stable political systems and a history that can guarantee long-term Leases. Economic Environment The economic development directly influences the poli cymakers, citizens managers and institutions. The Gross national income (GNI) generated by both the domestic and international production activities of national companies and the Gross Domestic return (GDP) of countries do generally shape the global industry of oil and gas. The economical factors include Inflation rate, Prevailing interest rates, unemployment level and the level of disposable income and income distribution. Technological environment These relate to the applications of new innovations such as Websites Internet as a business tool. Thus the oil and gas organizations need to be aware(p) of the latest relevant technologies for them to succeed and surf the wave of change.Dubai as significant producer of oil and gas Dubai is a major player in the world commercialize and its role in international trade cannot be overemphasized since it contributes almost 10 percent in this trade. This country has repeatedly dominated the international market arena due to the followin g reasons, one it occupies a very strategic position in the middle of U.A.E coast and additionally it has one of the most streamlined harbors in the world hence playing a crucial role in the transportation of goods between East and West markets. Also Dubai in the young years has pursued to strengthen its strategic location by pursuing a free and balanced economic policy therefore gaining an international study which has not only seen the increase of Foreign direct investments (FDI) and also growth of service, commercial and industrial fields. Dubai is also endowed with natural resources like oil, gas nevertheless to name a few and also it has one of the best infrastructure in the world and therefore this resource and proper systems has seen the economy of Dubai take arrive at in a way never witnessed before. The aim of this paper is to explore Dubai as a primary producer of oil and gas and its place in the international trade of oil and gas arena.ReferencesASWATHAPPA, K. (2010) . International business. New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill Education.GAO, Z. (1998). Environmental regulation of oil and gas. London u.a., Kluwer Law Internat.LAX, H. L. (1983). Political risk in the international oil and gas industry. Boston, International Human Resources Development CorpMACDONALD, D. (2007). Business and environmental politics in Canada. Peterborough, Ont. u.a., Broadview Press.NEELANKAVIL, J. P., & RAI, A. (2009). Basics of international business. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. SharpeSource inventory

Arabian Nights: Sinbad the Porter and Sinbad the Sailor Essay

Sinbad the Porter and Sinbad the crewmanLike the 1001 Nights the Sinbad story-cycle has a frame story, which goes as follows in the sidereal days of Haroun al-Rashid, calif of Baghdad, a poor ostiarius (one who carries goods for others in the market and through step up the city) pauses to rest on a bench outside the gate of a rich merchants kinsfolk, where he complains to Allah about the injustice of a world which allows the rich to brave in ease period he must toil and yet remain poor. The owner of the house hears, and s mop ups for the porter, and it is found they atomic number 18 both named Sinbad. The rich Sinbad tells the poor Sinbad that he became wealthy, by Fortune and Fate, in the course of seven wondrous voyages, which he then proceeds to relate.A sailing port in the Arabian Sea.The First Voyage of Sinbad the navy manAfter dissipating the wealth left to him by his father, Sinbad goes to sea to even out his fortune. He sets ashore on what appears to be an is cut back, but this island proves to be a gigantic sleeping titan on which trees have veilpreted root ever since the world was young. Awakened by a draw out kindled by the sailors, the whale dives into the depths, the ship departs without Sinbad, and Sinbad is saved by the chance of a expiry woody trough sent by the grace of Allah. He is washed ashore on a thick wooded island. While exploring the deserted island he comes across one of the faggots grooms. When Sinbad helps save the moguls m ar from being drowned by a sea horsenot a walrus as we know it, but a supernatural horse that lives underwaterthe groom brings Sinbad to the king.The king befriends Sinbad and so he rises in the kings favour becoming a trusted courtier. One day, the truly ship on which Sinbad set sail docks at the island, and he reclaims his goods (still in the ships hold). Sinbad gives the king his goods and in elapse the king gives him rich presents. Sinbad sells these presents for a great profit. Sinbad r eturns to Baghdad where he resumes a liveliness of ease and pleasure. With the ending of the tale, Sinbad the sailor makes Sinbad the porter a gift of a hundred gold pieces, and bids him return the next day to hear more about his adventures.Sindbad the waterman and the valley of the Diamonds.The Second Voyage of Sinbad the SailorOn the second day of Sinbads tale-tellingbut the 549th night of Scheherazades, for she has been breaking her tale each good morning in order to arouse the interest of the homicidal king, and make him spare her life for one more nightSinbad the sailor tells how he grew restless of his life of leisure, and set to sea again, possessed with the thought of change of location about the world of men and put throughing their cities and islands. Accidentally abandoned by his shipmates again, he finds himself stranded in an island which contains roc eggs. After attaching himself to a roc, he is transported to a valley of giant snakes which can swallow elephants, and a roc which preys upon them.The root word of the valley is carpeted with diamonds, and merchants harvest these by throwing colossal chunks of meat into the valley which the birds then carry back kill to their draw closes, where the men drive them away and collect the diamonds stuck to the meat. The wily Sinbad straps one of the pieces of meat to his back and is carried back to the nest along with a macroscopical sack full of precious gems. Rescued from the nest by the merchants, he returns to Baghdad with a fortune in diamonds, seeing many marvels along the way.The Third Voyage of Sinbad the SailorRestless for travel and adventure, Sinbad sets sail again from Basra. But by ill chance he and his companions are cast up on an island where they are captured by, a huge creature in the likeness of a man, black of colour, with eyes like coals of fire and eye-teeth like boars tusks and a vast fine-looking gape like the mouth of a well. Moreover, he had long loose lips like came ls, hanging downwards upon his breast and ears like two Jarms falling over his shoulder-blades and the nails of his hands were like the claws of a lion. This monster begins alimentation the crew, beginning with the Reis (captain), who is the fattest. (Burton notes that the giant is distinctly Polyphemus).Sinbad hatches a plan to blind the beast (again, obvious parallels with the story of Polyphemus in Homers Odyssey), with the two red-hot iron spits with which the monster has been kebabing and roasting the ships company. He and the remaining men escape on a raft they had constructed the day before. However due to the giants mate most of the escaping men are hit by rocks and killed. After further adventures (including a gigantic python from which Sinbad escapes thanks to his quick wits), he returns to Baghdad, wealthier than ever.The Fourth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorSinbad and the giant roc.Impelled by restlessness Sinbad shortens to the seas again, and, as usual, is shipwrecked. The naked savages amongst whom he finds himself feed his companions a herb which robs them of their reason (Burton theorises that this might be bhang), prior to fattening them for the table. Sinbad realises what is happening, and refuses to eat the madness-inducing ground. When the cannibals have lost interest in him, he escapes. A troupe of itinerant pepper-gatherers transports him to their own island, where their king befriends him and gives him a beautiful and wealthy wife. Too late Sinbad learns of a gay custom of the land on the death of one marriage partner, the other is buried hot with his or her spouse, both in their finest clothes and most costly jewels. Sinbads wife falls ill and dies in short after, leaving Sinbad trapped in an underground cavern, a communal tomb, with a jug of water and seven pieces of bread. Just as these meagre supplies are almost exhausted, another couplethe husband dead, the wife aliveare dropped into the cavern.Sinbad bludgeons the wife to deat h and takes her rations. Such episodes continue soon he has a sizable store of bread and water, as well as the gold and gems from the corpses, but is still unable to escape, until one day a wild animal shows him a passage to the outside, high above the sea. From here a passing ship rescues him and carries him back to Baghdad, where he gives alms to the poor and resumes his life of pleasure. (Burtons footnote comments This tale is evidently taken from the escape of Aristomenes the Messenian from the pit into which he had been thrown, a fox being his guide. The Arabs in an early day were impatient(predicate) students of Greek literature.)Similarly, the first half of the voyage resembles the Circe episode in The Odyssey, with certain differences while a plant robbed Sinbads men of their reason in the Arab tales, it was provided Circes magic which fattened Odysseus men in The Odyssey. It is in an earlier episode, featuring the Lotus Eaters, that Odysseus men are fed a similar magical pay get rid of which robs them of their senses.Sindbads fifth voyageThe Fifth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorWhen I had been a while on shore after my fourth voyage and when, in my comfort and pleasures and merry-makings and in my rejoicing over my large gains and profits, I had forgotten all I had endured of perils and sufferings, the carnal man was again seized with the longing to travel and to see foreign countries and islands. Soon at sea formerly more, while passing a desert island Sinbads crew spots a gigantic egg that Sinbad recognizes as belonging to a roc. Out of remnant the ships passengers disembark to view the egg, only to end up breaking it and having the chick within as a meal. Sinbad immediately recognizes the folly of their behavior and orders all back aboard ship.However, the infuriated conjure rocs soon catch up with the vessel and destroy it by dropping giant boulders they have carried in their talons.8 Shipwrecked yet again, Sinbad is enslaved by the Old Man of the Sea, who rides on his shoulders with his legs twisted round Sinbads neck and give not let go, riding him both day and night until Sinbad would welcome death. (Burtons footnote discusses practicable origins for the old manthe orang-utan, the Greek tritonand favours the African custom of riding on slaves in this way.9)Sinbad during sixth voyageEventually, Sinbad makes wine and tricks the Old Man into drinking some, then Sinbad kills him after he has fallen off and escapes. A ship carries him to the City of the Apes, a place whose inhabitants spend each night in boats off-shore, while their town is abandoned to man-eating apes. Yet through the apes Sinbad recoups his fortune, and so eventually finds a ship which takes him home at one time more to Baghdad.The Sixth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorMy soul yearned for travel and traffic. Sinbad is shipwrecked yet again, this time rather violently as his ship is dashed to pieces on tall cliffs. There is no food to be had anywhere, and Sinbads companions die of starvation until only he is left. He builds a raft and discovers a river discharge out of a cavern beneath the cliffs. The stream proves to be filled with precious stones and becomes apparent that the islands streams flow with ambergris. He falls asleep as he journeys through the darkness and awakens in the city of the king of Serendib (Ceylon, Sri Lanka), diamonds are in its rivers and pearls are in its valleys.The king marvels at what Sinbad tells him of the great Haroun al-Rashid, and asks that he take a present back to Baghdad on his behalf, a cup carved from a oneness ruby, with other gifts including a bed do from the skin of the serpent that swallowed the elephant10 (and whoso sitteth upon it never sickeneth), and a hundred special K miskals of Sindh lign-aloesa, and a slave-girl like a shining moon. And so Sinbad returns to Baghdad, where the Caliph wonders greatly at the reports Sinbad gives of the land of Ceylon. The Seventh and Last Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Caravan from Sinbads Seventh and Last Voyage.The ever-restless Sinbad sets sail once more, with the usual result. Cast up on a desolate shore, he constructs a raft and floats down a nearby river to a great city. Here the chief of the merchants weds Sinbad to his daughter, names him his heir, and conveniently dies. The inhabitants of this city are transformed once a month into birds, and Sinbad has one of the bird-people carry him to the uppermost reaches of the sky, where he hears the angels glorifying God, whereat I wondered and exclaimed, Praised be God Extolled be the perfection of God But no sooner are the words out than there comes fire from heaven which all but consumes the bird-men. The bird-people are angry with Sinbad and set him down on a mountain-top, where he meets two youths who are the servants of God and who give him a golden staff returning(a) to the city, Sinbad learns from his wife that the bird-men are devils, although she and her father are not of their number.And so, at his wifes suggestion, Sinbad sells all his possessions and returns with her to Baghdad, where at last he resolves to live quietly in the enjoyment of his wealth, and to seek no more adventures. Burton includes a variant of the seventh tale, in which Haroun al-Rashid asks Sinbad to carry a return gift to the king of Serendib. Sinbad replies, By Allah the Omnipotent, O my lord, I have taken a loathing to wayfare, and when I hear the words Voyage or Travel, my limbs tremble. He then tells the Caliph of his misfortunate voyages Haroun agrees that with such a history thou dost only right never even to talk of travel. Nevertheless, a command of the Caliph is not to be gainsayed, and Sinbad sets forth on this, his uniquely diplomatic voyage.The king of Serendip is well pleased with the Caliphs gifts (which include, inter alia, the food tray of King Solomon) and showers Sinbad with his favour. On the return voyage the usual catastrophe strikes Sinbad is captu red and sold into slavery. His master sets him to blastoff elephants with a bow and arrow, which he does until the king of the elephants carries him off to the elephants graveyard. Sinbads master is so pleased with the huge quantities of ivory in the graveyard that he sets Sinbad free, and Sinbad returns to Baghdad, rich with ivory and gold.Here I went in to the Caliph and, after saluting him and kissing hands, informed him of all that had befallen me whereupon he rejoiced in my safety and thanked Almighty Allah and he made my story be written in letters of gold. I then entered my house and met my family and brethren and such is the end of the history that happened to me during my seven voyages. Praise be to Allah, the One, the Creator, the Maker of all things in Heaven and Earth. In some versions we return to the frame story, in which Sinbad the Porter may receive a final free-handed gift from Sinbad the Sailor. In other versions the story cycle ends here, and there is no further mention of Sinbad the Porter.

Company Overview of Domestic Direct Competitors of Sime Darby

COMPANY OVERVIEW OF internal DIRECT COMPETITORS OF SIME DARBY (GENTING BERHAD) Genting Berhad (Genting), a holding company for the Genting Group, operates resorts, casino and plantations. It also develops properties, manufactures paper and generates electricity. The company primarily operates in Malaysia. It is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and employs 36,000people. The company recorded revenues of MYR6,943. 8 one million million million (approximately $1,968. 3 million) during the fiscal category ended declination 2006, an addition of 27. 3% over 2005. The operating value of the company was MYR3,124. million (approximately $885. 7 million) during fiscal yr 2006, an increase of 22. 7% over 2005. The net pelf was MYR2,242. 5 million in fiscal course 2006, an increase of 23. 8%over 2005. SWOT ANALYSIS Genting is the focus and investment holding company of Genting Group. by its subsidiaries, the company provides unemployed and cordial reception, cruise and enterta inment businesses. Genting also operates plantations, develops and manages property, power generation, manufactures and trades paper, explores petroleum and grippeff and provides tours and travel related services.The continued success of its vacuous and hospitality business, driven by a strong process from Genting Highlands reanimate and its play business, has improved over entirely(prenominal) revenue and profit egress for the company. However, regional competition from saucily blank attractions such as Disneyland and Macaus strong position in the gaming business could weaken the companys untenanted time and hospitality business. Strengths Diverse business portfolio laborious leisure and hospitality contribution Strong performance of petroleum and gun calorie-freenesses wanton performance of property and manufacturing divisions atonic returns Opportunities maturement wealth of Asian population Government initiatives to heighten Malaysia Strong outlook for Chinas elan vital sector Rising posit for biodieselThreats Intense competition innate(p) disasters and epidemics Weakening demand for residential housing STRENGTHS Diverse business portfolio Genting has a diversified business portfolio, which includes the management of casinos and resorts, plantations, property development, paper manufacturing and power generation.Aided by strong growth in most of its business divisions in fiscal year 2006, Genting managed to record an increase of 27. 3% in its revenues over fiscal year 2005. The revenues from leisure and hospitality division increased 20. 9% power 89. 1% plantation 10%and oil and gas 19. 8%. The company is not overly dependent on any one product or business division. Its diversified business portfolio protects it from downturns in any particular division and reduces business risk. Strong leisure and hospitality division The companys leisure and hospitality division has continuously contributed the highest revenues for Genting.The leisur e and hospitality division operates the companys hotel, gaming and entertainment businesses. In fiscal year 2006, the division recorded revenues of MYR4,286. 9 million(approximately $1,215. 2 million), contributing 61. 7% to the companys revenues. This increase is mainly due to the higher plenty of business from Genting Highlands Resort. For the period 2002-2006, the leisure and hospitality division grew at a CAGR of 12%. The divisions strong performance is attributed to the overall success of the companys theme resorts which are decorous Malaysias leading tourist destinations.The companys gaming business, which operates its casinos both locally and internationally, has also posted strong results in recent age. Strong performance from the leisure and hospitality division has improved overall revenue and profit growth for Genting. Strong performance of oil and gas Revenues for the oil and gas division of Genting surrender systematically improved in recent years. Although the div ision contributed just 2% to Gentings revenues in fiscal year 2006, it recorded revenues of MYR141. 3 million (approximately $40. 1 million), a 19. % increase over the previous year. From 2002-2006, the oil and gas division grew at a CAGR of 29%. The phenomenal success of the division is attributed to really higher oil prices and increased production. Genting expects an even stronger growth for the oil and gas division in the future from increased oil production in Muturi (Indonesia) and China. WEAKNESS Weak performance of property and manufacturing divisions Despite an increase of 7. 7% in fiscal year 2006, the property divisions revenues have been volatile over the recent years.For the period 2003-2006, the divisions CAGR was -6%, the lowest among all the companys business divisions. Despite a 6% increase in revenues, the manufacturing divisions profit before tax declined 44% in fiscal 2006 over the previous year. Weak performance of these divisions would affect the overall growt h of the company. Weak returns Genting has recorded weak returns in the last few years. Its return on investments and return on paleness for trailing twelve months (TTM) December 2006 were 10. 2% and 13. 5%, respectively, frown than the industry averages of 10. % and 16. 8% for the same period. Weak returns reflect the inability of the management to deploy assets in profitable avenues, and this could result in decreasing investor confidence. OPPORTUNITIES Growing wealth of Asian population Strong economic growth is expected to improve the spending habits of leisure travellers in the Asian region. A number of Asian countries are expected to record a significant CAGR in GDP per capita in the next five years, including China (10. 1%), India (8. 1%), Thailand (7%), Singapore and Malaysia(6. 6%).Consequently, disposable income in these countries is expected to grow in the next five years. Indias disposable income records the highest CAGR of 11. 1%, Thailand, 8. 4%, China, 8. 1%,Malaysi a, 5. 5% and Singapore, 5. 3%. Gentings foreign visitors mostly come from these countries. As such, the company stands to profit from the improving economic conditions of these markets. Rising income levels will increase demand for leisure and hospitality services. Government initiatives to promote Malaysia The importance of tourism to the Malayan economy has grown considerably in recent years.The joint efforts of Malaysias Tourism Ministry and Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB) to stimulate tourism activities are expected to result in higher tourist arrivals in Malaysia. The MTPB hosts trade, tourism and consumer fairs around the world to promote the countrys conclusion and tourist attractions. In fiscal year 2005, there were a total of about 15. 8 million international arrivals in Malaysia. Annual targets announced under the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010) include an increase in international arrivals from 17. 3 million in 2006 to 20 million by 2010.In addition, the Malaysi an government latterly announced a five-day work week for civil servants, which translate to a greater number of holidays on tap(predicate) for Malaysians. Also, the presence of low-fare air travel will boost the leisure and tourism industry in Malaysia. This prescribed outlook of Malaysian tourism presents the company with growth opportunities. Strong outlook for Chinas susceptibility sector Demand for worldwide energy is expected to report strong growth until 2025. Energy demand from China is expected to grow by an average of 3. 2% annually until 2025, to reach a volume of 14. 2million barrels per day (bbl/d).Genting has consistently expanded its oil and gas assets including the acquisition of four power plants in China. China is the worlds second largest consumer of petroleum products and the company stands to benefit from the growth in Chinas energy sector. Rising demand for biodiesel The European Union has a target of replacing 5. 75% of diesel with renewable sources by 201 0. In view of this growing European demand for bio fuels, the Malaysian government is encouraging the wasting disease of palm oil to the production of biodiesel. The country is also preparing to change from diesel to bio-fuels in the near future.It has stipulated that from 2007, all diesel sold in Malaysia must contain5% palm oil. The plantation division of Genting is involved mainly in oil palm plantations, palm oil milling and related activities. It could therefore take advantage of the new opportunity to improve its revenue growth. THREATS Intense competition Gentings leisure and hospitality division is expected to tone stiff competition from new leisure attractions in Asia. Disneyland Hong Kong, which opened in September 2005, has emerged as a key competitor The Disneyland attracted approximately 5. million visitors in its first year of operation and is expected to increase to about 10 million annually. Genting is also facing competition from casinos in Macau. Macau has at lea st cardinal casinos, of which the biggest is the Casino Lisboa. Four casino resorts are scheduled to be launched in the next few years in Macau. Disneyland Hong Kong and casinos in Macau could draw tourists away from Gentings leisure and hospitality locations, which would reduce revenue growth. Natural disasters and epidemics The leisure and hospitality is vulnerable to natural disasters and epidemics.In 2003, the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) adversely affected the asterisk Cruises operation. Star Cruises was also badly affected by the tsunami in 2004. In 2005-2006, outbreak of tinkers damn flu affected the leisure and travel industry including cruises. Natural disasters and outbreak of epidemics such as SARS and bird flu in the future could reduce tourist traffic to resorts, casinos and cruise ships of Genting, which would pull revenue growth down. Weakening demand for residential housing Demand for residential properties in Malaysia is weakening.Demand f or housing in 2006 was lower than 2005. Moreover, the Malaysian GDP growth for 2007 is expected to be 5. 0% down from 5. 8%in 2006 which could have a corresponding effect on Malaysian housing. The company has a significant presence in residential housing. It has recently launched two residential properties Asiatic Cheng Perdana and Asiatic Indahpura. Excess supply in the Malaysian residential property market and the consequent fall in property prices would negatively impact the performance of Gentings property division.

Bad-Bad Words (Term Paper)

Bad-Bad Words Derrik Hardin Psych 326 December 1, 2012 Dr. Hennon Bad-Bad Words The goal of this paper is to conduct a series of inquiry on gent lecture, their meanings, and a brief history of profanity. I also establish to show that condemnation spoken communication atomic number 18 deemed acceptable in certain social situations in the Ameri arouse culture. To begin we mustiness gear up semantic. Semantics is a branch of philology that deals with the study of meaning, changes in meaning, and the principles that govern the affinity between sentences or linguistic process and their meanings (Weinreich, Labov, & Weinreich, (1980).It can also be referred to as the study of the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent. just presently, does the meaning of the iniquity word matter any more(prenominal) or is it the way we portray these bad manner of speaking in a specific social situation? Ambiguity and comminate Words Currently thither is no exact the ory to explain why compassionates curse or why we chose the linguistic process we enjoyment to define these curse linguistic process. Psychologists, linguists, manner of speaking pathologists and a number of another(prenominal)wise researchers have been pondering on such an explanation for some time.According to Jay, (2000), believeing is an essential element of style in linguistics and psycholinguistics that refers to sevenfold uses of offensive speech. The term adjuration is subjected to many ambiguous words such as trusting, obscenity, name profession, insulting, ethnic-racial slurs, saltiness and slang, (Jay, 2000). These damage will be use interchangeably through come forth the paper. Thanks to research conducted by timothy Jay in 1992, it was quite simple to distinguish between the use of profanity and its many ambiguous terms.For starters, cursing is more than name clavering. In fact, to curse is to call upon divine or supernatural power in state to cause harm to another, (Jay, 2000). The invention behind cursing is to cause physical harm on another through the use of words and phrases. Most the Statesns use cursing in short phrases, step forward of anger and frustration to get their point across with strong stress of the portrayed emotion, (Jay, 2000). Swearing is the use of any word or phrase that is likely to cause offense when utilise in centre furcate polite conversation (McEnery, 2005).Swearing originally meant to deliberate an oath legally or religiously until a second meaning allowed the term to take on the use of offensive terminology (Hughes, 2006). Initially, scourge seemed to expedite positivity in sentences as it replaced violent actions as a means of expressing anger (Jay, 1992) and still considered to be a synonym to the closely related word curse. To the American culture, obscenity is viewed as sexual in nature (Jay, 1992). Obscene language may consist of words such as fuck cunt, or motherfucker. According to Jay (1992), to label a word as obscene is technically restricting that word to forgo speech.This means such a word cannot be used freely and can be subjected to restrictions or punishment from the head governing body. It is the American culture which gives obscene words the relation to sexual marrow and imagery. For this reason, courts deem obscenity as offensive and not to be freely uttered, especially in the media, books, and other forms of public entertainment (Jay, 1992). Written in The Mother Tongue, English and How it Got That Way (Bryson, 1996), it is mandatory that a put down or motion picture be rated R using certain explicit words.The Federal communication theory Commission, (FCC), attempted to exclude seven bad words from broadcast television these consisted of shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits, (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2005). Even though Americans can be intolerant of swearing, some swearing does occur on U. S. television (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2 005) such as southwestward Park (Grimm, 2003). Producing several successful seasons, South Park used milder bad words like, hell, ass, screw you, bitch, dirt, and son-of-bitch, for warning (Sapolsky and Kaye, 2005).Insults and slurs can be considered other forms of curse words, or bad words in general. They take on a similar meaning as curse words in their similar engagement to cause harm to another individual. Although insults and slurs consist of different bad words, they argon both forms of verbal attacks. trance slurs deal with social background, race, and ethnicity indicating stereotypes, insults denote physical, mental, or psychological qualities (Jay, 1992). Lastly, scatology was a new word for me which refers to the use of human blow out products, (Jay, 1992).Americans often hear the use of scatology amongst young adults and children more than older individuals. This is probably because the consept of human waste is humorous to the younger crowd. For example, my son, A iden, likes to refer to his wet underwear as pissy, when he has an accident (which originated from his grandmother). Other words in scatology hold shit, ass, crap, or ka ka. The classification of bad words is quite vital for the purposes of semantic evaluation. This allows linguists to define the different type of meanings these utterances employ on the human language (Jay, 1992).Some of these classifications, as there are more than what I have listed above, may overlap a lot. According to Bryson, (1996) in order to know the true(a) meaning behind a curse word, the listener must know the intent and evaluate the mental synthesis in which the curse word is being used. For example, Whitney tells her best fri stamp out to shut the fuck up as they are laughing hysterically opposed to Whitney telling her friend to shut the fuck up as they are arguing over pizza. The example shows two different scenarios with the same word usage unless different emotional intent behind them.In order for the listener to interpret the two scenarios differently they must pay attention and evaluate how Whitney is communicating in each sentence. As put by Dewaele (2004), the comprehend strength behind curse words matters rather than reas wholenessd on the basis of word semantics. Curse Words in their Proper Setting Although, mainly found offensive, curse words are not forever and a day used to cause harm. For example, in a jokingly conversation between two friends, wiz may utter the statement kiss my ass which may be found humorous to the other friend.Yet, still individuals do not always find curse words funny, such as when one is being told to fuck off during a disagreement. The use of cursing serves to exaggerate or put emphasis on the emotions of the speaker which also drags attention to the listener (Jay, 2000). For this reason some people curse to show how strongly they feel about the topic they may be speaking on. For example, in my experience, when an argument breaks out t he audience will hear name calling, such as bitch, whore, etc. Behind the name calling is direct intent to harm the other person being argued with.Even though this is a bad example to show a positive use for curse words, it demonstrates the emotional anger and frustration that the two arguers are trying to convey through the use of name calling, or the term more widely evaluate by the American public, curse words (Jay, 1992). It seems to be mutual knowledge that curse words are bad pursue, yet they are still commonly used depending on the situation or demographics. For example, approximately(prenominal) parents know not to use curse words around young children. So, when is it okay to use cursing terms and why is it situational based?Not only does the situation matter solely the choice of curse words and culture makes a difference. Bryson (1996) provides a list of words found most offensive in certain cultures. Some of these bad words could be classified under slurs because they e mploy racial, social class and ethnic offense to a certain group of people. In Norwegian it is highly offensive to call someone a devil (Bryson, 1996), which is equivalent to the American fucker. Some cultures however do not swear at all as their native language does not contain swear/curse words.These cultures include the Japanese, Malayans, and most Polynesians and Native American Indians (Bryson, 1996). Despite the small number of countries that do not condone to cursing, most cultures curse and have been doing so for a very long time (Bryson 1996). A study on Romans, done by Dr. J. N. Adams of Manchester University in England, found an estimated 800 bad words in their vocabulary. These findings are outstanding, compared to the English language containing roughly around twenty depending on how they are being used (Bryson, 1996).In an essay exploring the use of swear words during stand-up comedy, Susan shanghaier found it appropriate to use such obscenity and vulgar words despite the Supreme Court censorship rulings. Siezer (2011), uses swear/curse words in an idiomatic, non-denotational, and non-referential way to fire humor and laughter for the audience. Her goal, in this study, was to use words such as fuck or beatified shit to promote something other than sexual or excretory images to the public.She also intends to further the effect of unloose Americans from these referential and denotational word uses in an attempt to open up poetic pleasures of word play (Seizer, 2011). Seizers hypothesis was confirmed concluding her study. Through her examples and experiment she proved that the comedic use of dirty words can be illustrated in a non-denotational manner for the sake of comedy and humor. By using obscenity this way a shift in the audiences expectations and moved away from sexual vulgarity to sorts of pleasure (Seizer, 2011).Obscenity passim the experiment spring uped and intensified the expressions of the speakers perspective and comical experienc es which also put the audience at ease as the free play with words allow the comedian to open up and heighten the states of hilarity (Seizer, 2011). Seizers study promoted the idea that curse words are not always seen as a bad thing but more situational based. Depending on the environment, it seems to be okay to freely play with words such as dick, fuck, pussy, and shit, as Susan used in her experiment.Apparently, if it is humorous to the audience, freedom of speech is accepted anywhere. As reported by Andersson and Trudgill (1992), swearing may occur in jokes for humorous intent and many jokes depend on the shock value of swear words for humor inversely relating curse words and comedy. Not only are curse words deemed acceptable through comedy but for entertainment purposes as well. Take pornography for example. Swear or bad words are used in porn to heightened erotic behavior between two actors. Coates (2003) also reported the use of swearing in social situations.According to Coate s (2003), Adolescents may express their identity of being cool through curse words or to display closeness in friendships and popular group settings. Brief History in denunciation After searching through several articles and multiple books I came to realize that curse words has neer had a scientific historian. Mencken, (1944) reports bad words, or profanity as he terms it in his article, came to America from England during the Seventeenth Century. In this age of time the use of curse words was not socially accepted.Mencken (1944) goes on to write about John Adams. In 1755, John Adams established rules for the Navy of the United Colonies in terms of profanity. Sailors who chose to speak profanely were authorized to wear a wooden collar or a scandalous badge (Mencken, 1944). John Adams was not the only man in history to punish citizens for the use of profanity. oneness year prior to Adams rules, George Washington employed his own set of rules for soldiers in order to decrease the use of swearing or profane cursing (Mencken, 1944). Unfortunately, these rules did not hold many years.Near the end of the century Richard Parkinson stated the words damned and hell as a new phrase used by many Republicans. Parkinson pointed out that men in high power used profane language as well, including George Washington (Mencken, 1944). Accepting Curse Words Similar to our day in age, the restriction of cursing, profanity, and swearing was not successful and still widely used at the discretion of the public. Written in the due north American Review of 1934, and cited in Menckens article (1944), Burges Johnson declared that American profanity was losing its punch.By that he means the severity of curse words has diminished over time. As we can see, the practice of curse words is becoming more socially accepted and used to express identities for some people art object emphasizing the intent behind speech for others. Hinduja and Patchin (2008) reported the extent to which teens swear on social networks. Their research data on swearing and Myspace showed 19. 2 percent of participants personal profiles contained swearing and 32. 8 percent of participants swearing on their friends profile.Cursing has evolved and become a necessary part of language (Jay, 2000). Mentioned in Jays book (2000), a comprehensive theory of cursing must be incorporated into human linguistics and psychological models of language because it captures the emotional aspects of language along with the emphasized, offensive intent behind the speaker. This theory of cursing must be accepted and incorporated into human linguistics because human language does not outlive without human emotion which cannot be separated from emotional reactions in the use of language (Jay, 2000).Works Cited Andersson, L. G. and P. Trudgill. (1992). Bad Language. capital of the United Kingdom Pengiun. Bryson, B. (1996). The Mother Tongue English and how it got that way. New York Avon Books. Coates, J. (2003). Me n Talk. Maldon, MA Blackwell. Dewaele, J. (2004). The emotional force of swearwords and taboo words in the speech of multilinguals. diary of Multilingual and Multicultural Developments,25(2,3), 204-222. Hinduja, S. , Patchin, J. W. (2008). Personal information of adolescents on the internet A quantitative content analysis of myspace.Journal of Adolescence, 31(1), 125-146. Hughes, G. (2006). An encyclopedia of swearing The social history of oaths, profanity, foul language, and ethnic slurs in the English-speaking world. Armonk, NY u. a. Sharpe. Jay, T. (1992). Cursing in America A psycholinguistic study of dirty language in the courts, in the movies, in the schoolyards, and on the streets. Philadelphia J. Benjamins Pub. Co. Jay, T. (2000). Why we curse A neuro-psycho-social theory of speech. Philadelphia, Pa. u. a. Benjamins. McEnery, T. (2005). Swearing in english.London Routledge. Mencken, H. L. (1944). American profanity. American Speech, 109(4), 242-249. Sapolsky, B. S. , Kaye, B. K. (2005). The of offensive langauge by men and women in prime time television entertainment. Atlantic Journal of Communication,13(4), 292-303 Seizer, S. (2011). The unmentionable Verbal taboo and the moral life of language. On the Uses of Obscenity in Live live on Comedy,84(1), 209-234. Weinreich, U. , Labov, W. , Weinreich, B. S. (1980). On semantics. Philadelphia Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial models of care Essay

Competing views of the compassionate body as either a biologic phenomena or a complex microcosm borne of its environment, cod admitd the basis for the development of two different cases of allot the biomedical gravel, and the recovery-based psycho fond mannikin. The archetype of explosive charge adopted by reverence providers heavily influences the nature of the sermon given, and the trajectory of a patients journey through distemper, to wellness. Historically, the biomedical specimen of c be has been the foundation of Western medicine, and has remained more often than not unchallenged as the dominant mould of care used in the delivery of psychiatric treatment. It is formulad with a point on disease, pathology, and recuperate.The takings of the biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1977) and psychosocial re new-fangledal has provided the psychological wellness arena with an effective alternative to the biomedical model. With an cost that is person-centred and recovery focused, it aligns with contemporary attitudes about genial disorders having their origins and impacts in a social scope. This paper will critically analyze and compare the benefits and limitations of both models of care, through an exploration of three key areas (i) empowerment/disempowerment of the patient, (ii) implications for treat practice, and (iii) outcomes.In psychiatry, the biomedical model fiercenesses a pharmacological approach to treatment, and supposes that intellectual disorders are brain diseases caused solely, or by a combination of chemical imbalances, genetic anomalies, defects in brain structure, or neurotransmitter dysregulation (Deacon, 2013). This supposition acts up i nerve of a Descartian divide that exists between biological psychiatry and a biopsychosocial approach to cordial health care. Engel (1977) viewed the biomedical model as reductionist, and posited that it neglected the social, psychological and behavioural dimensions of illness.He pr oposed a biopsychosocial model that takes into cast the patient, the social context in which he lives, and the complementary system devised by society to deal with the tumultuous effects of illness (p. 131). It is within this biopsychosocial framework, thatrecovery-focused psychosocial reformation takes place (Cnaan, Blankertz, Messinger & Gardner, 1988 King, Lloyd & Meehan, 2007). Less objective than the biomedical model, psychosocial rehabilitation focuses on the subjective experience of recovery and wellness, that is, the presence of signs and symptoms may not necessarily align with the individuals sense of self and wellness.(i) Empowerment/disempowerment of the patientA pertinacious criticism of the biomedical model is the platform line that the patient is disempowered. Firstly, the nature of the doctor-patient relationship suggests that the patient is a passive recipient of treatment the patient is cut down to a diagnosis, and offered diagnosis- item treatment options. T he role of personal choice exists, in time in a limited capacity. Secondly, the political theory underpinning the biomedical model assumes disease to be a deviation from the biological norm, with illness understood in terms of causation and remediation (Deacon, 2013 Shah & chew, 2007 Engel, 1977). This perspective assumes the existence of some underlying pathological cause for symptoms and behaviour, and focuses on objective indicators of recovery (King et al., 2007). The implications of this perspective are that the patient cannot, from his own resources, do apiecething to ameliorate his illness, and to affect any change in his behaviour, he must(prenominal) adhere to diagnosis-specific treatment set out by the psychiatrist. It is argued that the ship canal in which a patient can be disempowered by a psychiatric diagnosis (stigma, forced hospitalisation, long-term pharmacotherapy etc.) far outweigh any benefits they might receive (Callard, Bracken, David & Sartorius, 2013).C omparatively, recovery within the framework of psychosocial rehabilitation is widely experienceed to be empowering for consumers of mental health serve (Shah & Mountain, 2007 Callard et al., 2013). Two key principles of psychosocial rehabilitation are an emphasis on a social instead than medical model of care, and on the patients efficiencys rather than pathologies (King et al., 2007). Similar to the doctor-patient relationship of the biomedical model, there exists a relationship between patients,caregivers and clinicians in the psychosocial framework.The emphasis however is on the formation of a therapeutic alliance (King et al., 2007) in which recovery is owned by the patient, with professionals and services facilitating this ownership (Mountain & Shah, 2008). The aim of psychosocial rehabilitation is for the patient to have self-determination over their illness and health, and a set up sense of self despite the possible continuation of symptoms (Barber, 2012). This is in sta rk contrast to the biomedical model in which illness is managed by the practitioner, and health is hallmarked by the absence of symptoms and disease (Wade & Halligan, 2004).The psychosocial perspective must in any case be con emplacementred in terms of its potential limitations. By placing an emphasis on self-determination and self-management of mental illness and well existence, there runs a parallel risk of instilling a sense of responsibility or peck within the patient when less than desirable health outcomes occur. This is of particular relevance in mental health settings, where poor health outcomes are unfortunately, likely (Deacon, 2013). In the biomedical model, the psychiatrist would offer some piddling consolation to the patient in the form of shouldering the bulk of the responsibility.With regard to empowerment of the patient, this notion of care versus cure suggests that the biomedical model of care and psychosocial rehabilitation are two competing models of care that are divorced from one another. They are not, however, mutually exclusive, and it is worth noting that contemporary definitions of the biomedical model at least attempt to consider the incorporation of recovery-based treatment approaches (Barber, 2012 Mountain & Shah, 2008 Wade & Halligan, 2004). It has been suggested that modern day doctor-patient relationships are far more align with the nature of the psychosocial therapeutic alliance, founded on engagement and the recognition of skills and knowledge of each partner (Mountain & Shah, 2008). Specifically in a mental health setting, it might be argued that the biomedical model parts ways with psychosocial rehabilitation by use of compulsion (Mountain & Shah, 2008).The intent behind much of todays mental health legislation is guided by the ideologies of the biomedical model. Thisresults in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis being a great deal disempowered, by having their right to self-determination overridden by legal powers of c ompulsion (Thomas, Bracken & Timimi, 2012). Despite a vex towards self-determination by the biomedical model, mental health patients may be forced to accept treatment against their wishes. In opposition to this, the psychosocial framework favours a community-based, case-managed style of care (King et al., 2007), which seeks to empower the patient and maintain independence.(i) Implications for care for practiceThe medical model is a useful framework to assist the psychiatrist in the realization of disorders and diseases. However, scientists have identified neither a biological cause nor a reliable biomarker for any mental disorder (Deacon, 2013), and arguably, most mental disorders have their origin and impact in a social context (McAllister & Moyle, 2008). Therefore, the validity of the biomedical model as a nursing model of care in mental health settings must be questioned.The all-encompassing nature of the care delivery unavoidable by a psychosocial framework may, at times, a ppear to be at odds with more traditional concepts of nursing. It is understood that the biomedical model is the model on which umteen nurses base their practice. It is also the model that has long dominated the domain of psychiatry (Stickley & Timmons, 2007), despite a plethora of literature espo apply the importance of the interpersonal domain and psychosocial factors. Findings from a larn by Carlyle, Crowe & Deering (2012) showed that mental health nurses working in an inpatient setting described the role of mental health services, the role of the nurse and nursing interventions in terms of supporting a medical model of care. This was despite recognition amongst the nurses that they used a psychodynamic framework for apprehensiveness the aetiology of mental distress, as being a result of interpersonal factors.The problems with the use of the biomedical model in mental health nursing are varied. The overriding goal of the biomedical model is cure, andtherefore nurses that base their practice on it must also aim for this outcome. This is obviously troublesome for a speciality that treats disorders that may not have a definable cause, and typically have poor outcomes (Deacon, 2013). Regarding care versus cure, the challenge for nurses working in mental health settings where their practice is underpinned by the medical model, is the inability to achieve the outcome of care that they believe to be appropriate, that is, a cure (Pearson, Vaughan & FitzGerald, 2005).In terms of the provision of nursing care, the biomedical models focus on disease and the objective categorisation of people by disease can serve to modify patients and so too, the nursing care provided to them (Pearson et al., 2005). It may well be argued that the biomedical model devalues the role of the nurse, because the humanist side to care is diminished in favour of a medical diagnosis and cure. Overall, the ideals of mental health nursing practice are constrained by the biomedical model (M cAllister & Moyle, 2008), however, nurses feel comfortable using this model to explain their practice, in the absence of a defined alternative.Psychosocial rehabilitation as an alternative to the biomedical model not only has positive implications for consumers of mental health services but also to the nurses who provide their care (Stickley & Timmons, 2007). Indeed, a wealth of literature supports a shift from the medical model to a recovery-based, psychosocial approach (Engel, 1977 Barber, 2012 Caldwell, Sclafani, Swarbrick & Piren, 2010 Mountain & Shah, 2008). In contrast to the biomedical model, the nurse-patient therapeutic alliance is at the core of the psychosocial framework (King et al., 2007). In this way, the role of the nurse plumps away from being task-focused, to actively developing, coordinating and implementing strategies to facilitate the recovery process (Caldwell et al., 2010). Additionally, this model of care strongly aligns with nursing perceptions of their role as care providers, their beliefs regarding the aetiology of mental disorders, and their attitudes towards best practice (McAllister & Moyle, 2008 Carlyle et al., 2012).(i) OutcomesGenerally, the biomedical model has been associated with vast improvements in medical care throughout the 20th century. Despite its persistent dominance of both policy and practice, the biomedical model in regards to the delivery of mental health care is characterised by a lack of clinical innovation and poor outcomes (Deacon, 2013). It does, however, have its redeeming qualities. The primary strength of the biomedical model is its core knowledge base derived from objective scientific experiment, its intuitive appeal, and relevance to many disease-based illnesses (Pearson et al., 2005 Wade & Halligan, 2004). Evidence-based medicine allows the psychiatrist to access objective evidence about the safety and effectiveness of their interventions (Thomas et al., 2012). Shah & Mountain (2007) argue that the mode ls rigorous methods used to gather evidence that have resulted in many effective psychopharmacological treatments, cannot be translated in helping to identify which specific elements of psychosocial treatments are effective.This assertion is certify by a sphere documenting the efficacy of a psychosocial rehabilitation programme (Chowdur, Dhariti, Kalyanasundaram, & Suryanarayana, 2011) in patients with severe and persisting mental illness. The study showed significant improvement for all participants across a range of parameters used to note levels of functioning. However, the results did not reveal the specific effects of various components of the rehabilitation programme, making it difficult to isolate each component and to study its effect. Regardless, the overall benefits of psychosocial rehabilitation should not be ignored simply due to study limitations.Despite the biomedical models rigorous study methods and evidence-based core, tangible signs of progress are some and fa r between. Indeed, the biomedical approach has failed to elucidate the very biological basis of mental disorder, and also failed to compress stigma (Deacon, 2013 Schomerus et al., 2012). Kvaale, Haslam & Gottdiener (2013) determined that biogenetic explanations for psychological illnesses increase prognostic pessimism and perceptions of dangerousness, and do little to reduce stigma. This last has obvious implications in a society where the jellpersons, and in fact, nursing students understanding of mental illness is a biogenetic, medicalised one (Kvaale et al., 2013 Stickley & Timmons, 2007).Incontrast, psychosocial rehabilitation programmes may have the effect of trim down stigma. As previously discussed, psychosocial rehabilitation is underpinned by an ideology that seeks to empower the patient. Research has shown that empowerment and self-stigma are opponent poles on a continuum (Rsch, Angermeyer & Corrigan, 2005). By enhancing the patients sense of self, insight, societal r oles, and basic self-care functions (King et al., 2007), psychosocial rehabilitation programmes have the ability to reduce the negative effects of stigma. In a study particular to patients with schizophrenia (Koukia & Madianos, 2005), caregivers and relatives report lower levels of objective and subjective burden when the patient was engaged in a psychosocial rehabilitation programme.In their exploration into the validity of evidence-based medicine in psychiatry, Thomas et al. (2012) differentiate between specific factors (e.g. pharmacological interventions targeting specific neurotransmitter imbalances), and non-specific factors (e.g. contexts, values, meanings and relationships). They determined that non-specific factors are far more important in relation to positive outcomes, which would support a psychosocial approach.In recent historic period, public opinion and policy has become more aligned with the recovery model, testify by the wealth of literature echoing Engels (1977) p roposition of a new medical model founded on a biopsychosocial approach. Recently, the Australian Government Department of Health acknowledged the positive outcomes associated with a recovery-based model, and released the guinea pig framework for recovery-oriented mental health services (2013). Despite their ideological differences, psychosocial rehabilitation need not be viewed as the antithesis to the biomedical model, with literature suggesting a degree of compatibility between the two that is becoming more unembellished in the modern delivery of mental health care (Barber, 2012 Mountain & Shah, 2008 Shah & Mountain, 2007).ConclusionRecent years have seen significant changes in the perceptions of mental illness, and the provision of mental health services that are available. Themove towards community-based care, psychosocial rehabilitation programmes, and empowerment of the patient through self-determination has been accompanied by a growth in research, and positive outcomes for mental health consumers. Despite this progress, modern mental health care is still largely dominated by the biomedical model. Whilst contemporary interpretations of the psychiatric biomedical model recognise the value of social and psychological factors, they appear to do so in a way that relegates those factors to an order below that of biological factors. This occurs in the absence of any definable biological causes for mental disorders (Deacon, 2013).A contemporary model is required in modern mental health services. Indeed, Barber (2012) suggests that recovery should be thought of as the new medical model for psychiatry. Psychosocial rehabilitation is associated with improved objective and subjective patient outcomes, and emphasises the role of the nurse. As spy by Engel (1977), the dogmatism of biomedicine inadvertently results in the frustration of patients who believe their genuine health needs are being inadequately met. True incorporation of a biopsychosocial approach into modern mental health care, would pee a framework for consistent positive outcomes, and limitless innovation.REFERENCESBarber, M. (2012). convalescence as the new medical model for psychiatry. Psychiatric Services, 63(3), 277-279.Caldwell, B., Sclafani, M., Swarbrick, M., & Piren, K. (2010). Psychiatric nursing practice and the recovery model of care. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 48(7), 42-48.Callard, F., Bracken, P., David, A., & Sartorius, N. (2013). Has psychiatric diagnosis labeled rather than enabled patients? The British Medical Journal, 347, doi 10.1136/bmj.f4312Carlyle, D., Crowe, M., & Deering, D. (2012). Models of care delivery in mental health nursing a mixed method study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19, 221-230.Chowdur, R., Dharitri, R., Kalyanasundaram, S., & Suryanarayana, R. (2011). Efficacy of psychosocial rehabilitation program the RFS experience. 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(2007). enchiridion of psychosocial rehabilitation. Carlton, VIC Blackwell Publishing.Koukia, E., & Madianos, M.G . (2005). Is psychosocial rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients preventing family burden? A comparative study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 12, 415-422.Kvaale, E., Haslam, N., & Gottdiener, W. The side effects of medicalisation a meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 782-794.McAllister, M., & Moyle, W. (2008). An exploration of mental health nursing models of care in a Queensland psychiatric hospital. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 17, 18-26.Mountain, D., & Shah, P. (2008). Recovery and the medical model. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 14, 241-244.Pearson, A., Vaughan, B., & FitzGerald, M. (2005). Nursing models for practice. Sydney, NSW Elsevier.Rsch, N., Angermeyer, M., & Corrigan, P. (2005). 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