Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD

Organization for Economic Co-operation and evolution OECDGROUP MEMBERSARIEL MAHABIRSINGHRACHEL CADOGANBACKGROUND AND account statement OF THE OECD(OECD 2010)BackgroundThe OECD is the replacement organization to the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) whose ad hoc purposes was to help the reconstruction of Europe after World War Two. The OECD culture was not alship canal smooth unity as it has been perceived as rich mans club its elements account for approximately lead-fifths of the human beingss GNI and has faced many calls for its dismantlement (Woodward, Richard 2009). Over the past 50 social classs, the OECD has become a valuable source of insurance policy analysis and inter nationallycomparable statistical, sparing and sociable data. (USOECD 2014)MEMBER NATIONSImage demo member nations of the OECD(OECD 2014)MISSIONThe OECD guardianship is to put forward policies that will improve sustainable frugal growth and development, increase employment soc ial hygienic-being of people around the world. (Woodward, 2009)ORGANISATIONL STRUCTUREThe OECD functions as three tier structure. This is comprised of a Council, a secretariat and Committees.The Council, which is at the top, consists of ambassadors from the discordant member states that ar in charge of establishing goals and policy rationalises. The Council holds the power of close reservation as they handle the oversight and strategic direction of the organisation.The Secretariat is made up of the Secretary planetary, the deputy Secretaries General and directo judge. These include economists, scientists and lawyers and some(prenominal) administrative staff, who atomic number 18 responsible for query, data collection and analysis. The Secretary General chairs the Council and at that placeby manages the work of the Secretariat.The Committees comprise of representatives from various member countries that come unneurotic to form multitudes such as education, environment, trade and investment. postp maven 1 showing the organizational structure of the OECD(OECD 2014)ROLE AND FUNCTIONThe Organization for Economic Co-operation and maturation has many anchor roles. These roles includeThe major functions of the OECD atomic number 18To provide a computer programme in which governments of member nations can use to find solutions to leafy vegetable problems organize policies and share good practicesTo set world(a) standards and principles by supervise economic trends.and development policiesTo offers the know-how and persuasions to over 1000 non-member countries for their development.(Economy Watch 2010)HOW THE OECD DOES IT?The OECD used the simple range of information gathered on various topics to help governments promote prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and m sensationtary stability. They also ensure the environmental implications of economic and social development are taken into account. OECDs work is based on continued monito ring of tear downts in member countries as well as outside OECD area, and includes regular vagabondions of small and medium-term economic developments.The OECD Secretariat collects and analyses data, after which committees discuss policy regarding this information, the Council switchs decisions, and then governments down recommendations. (OECD 2014)Table 2 showing The way the OECD whole kit and boodle(OECD 2014)Types of PublicationsThe OECD publications fall into three cqtegories Key Publication, which include Factbooks. At a Glance books, Insights, lookout mans, Economic Surveys, OECD Observer, give away Policies Series, OECD Insights and Blogs. They also produce several other types which include statistics, journals,magazines and papers (OECD 2014)A couple examples are as followedBOOKSAfricn Economic Outlook 2014Health at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2012Agricultural policy Monitering and Evaluation 2014JOURNALSFinanciaal market place TrendsCompetition Law insuranceSTATISTICSO ECD Health StatisticsOECD Productivity StatisticsOECD Science, Technology and RD Statistics documentEducation Indicators in FocusTrade Policy Papers(OECD ILIBRARY2014)Development Projects of the OECD1. OVERCOMING SCHOOL FAILURE POLICIES THAT WORKThis project is based on the idea that the OECD can provide effective support to countries on how to progress toward moderately and inclusive education arrangements, It offers data on the policies that are successful in reducing school failure, and supports countries in promoting reform.This project directly reflects one of the roles OECDproviding the platform where governments can work in concert to solutions to common problems and share good practices. This project is both comparative and selective. It offers the breakdown of challenges faced by countries as well as an overview of the different policies implemented across OECD countries that aims at equity in education policies. Countries that are interested can exact a targeted nationa l assessment seminar during which the precise situation of the acres will be examined. (OECD 2010)The boilers suit aim of this project is to provide assistance and support to countries trying to astir(p)their education policy and practices, in order to achieve reduction in failure and dropout rates. It updatesand fine-tunes policies giving tailor-made advice on how to design and model their policies, as well as onhow to overcome barriers to implementation. (OECD 2010)Table 3 showing The structure of the OECD Project Overcoming School Failure Policies That Work(OECD 2010)2. programme FOR INTERNATIONAAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT (PISA)(Locally)What is PISA?PISA is the OCEDs answer to the global call for countries to confound a way of comparing the effect of their investments in schooling on the students knowledge and skills. (Oxford University Centre for educational Assessment. 2011) This is an external assessment that examines educational performances on a common visor that is, readin g acquaintance across countries, OCED member nations, partner nations and other non-members. (OECD 2014)It addresses the questions of if students are ready for real flavour afterlife challenges? Are they able to analyze and communicate effectively? Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela have all participated in this project. (OECD 201)Why PISA?With PISA and other data provided by the OECD together with policy analysis,helps to build more effective and unbiased educational system with improvedoutcomes. As PISA addresses the future questions, the data gathered by thisresearch helps to shape policy plans by identifying possible future issues. (OECD 2014)PISA represents a affiance by nations to supervise the outcomes of educationsystems through quantity student exertion on a regular basis and withinan internationally concord common framework. It aims to present a newfoundation for policy conversation and for partnership in defining and executingeducational goals, in imaginative ways that reflect judgments about the skills that are relevant to adult life. (OECD, 2009, p.9)PISA is one of the OECD major policy dents this programme has pioneered new and highly collaborative ways in which to measure progress in societies on a global scale. There are many lessons that can be learnt from PISA on how to tax learning, the pace of achieving learning goal. Some countries have used their PISA results for a policy discussion indicates the likely pace of progress towards achieving a learning goal.3. THE better(p) LIFE INITIATIVE(Globally)This project is a combination of various OCED works that makes an effort for move beyond GDP as a measure the well being of society, the OCED has pioneered a field of research that focuses on the aspects of life that matter to people and shapes their quality of life. They have identified 11 dimensions as being essential in terms of material living conditions w hich are income, housing and jobs and quality of life education, community, local environment, governance, health, subjective life felicity work/life balance and personal safety.(OECD 2011) This initiative is measured by the better life indexTable 4 showing The features of measuring well being1(OECD 2011)The intermit behavior Indexes an interactive tool that allows you to determine how countries perform according to the importance you give to each of 11 topics that make for a better life. From a statistical point of view, the Index relies on best practices for building composite indicators. The Index is robust to various methodological assumptions.4. LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN-OECD INVESTMENT INITIATIVE (Regionally)This Initiative aims to increase the input signal of private investment to economic and social development.It help improves government policies at three levels (OECD 2010)Table 5 showing How the initiative improves government policies succeeder and Failure of Initia tivesSUCCESSThe Better Life Initiative has been by itself a success, considering that it is a newly introduced program. Out of this came the Better Life Index and Hows Life. The Better Life Index which was launched in 2011 is an interactive tool that allows one to assess the performance of countries based on eleven key elements that are important in the development and well being of OECD countries. It has been created in order to involve and engage citizens as they too play a role in the decision making of policies that lead the way to their social well being. The eleven dimensions include Housing, Income, Jobs, Community, Education, Environment, Governance, Health, Life Satisfaction, Safety and Work Life Balance.. Each flower represents one country. Each petal represents one of the eleven dimensions. The length of the petal represents the countrys score in a topic and the width represents the importance of thetopic(OECD 2011)Table 6 showing How the better life index works(OECD 2012 )FAILUREPISA political program for International Student Assessment is an international evaluation that measures fifteen year old students performance in areas such as reading, mathematics and science literacy. It was first administered in 2000 and this is when Finlands education system became involved.Finland has been the world draw in education however recent assessments have shown that they are no longer at the top as results have declined since the mid 2000s. PISA has impelled the improvement in the beginning, however recent trends have changed. The involvement of PISA has therefrom become a question in the education system. Some designate that it has encouraged the altering of teaching styles, curricula and grading schemes to make students well neutered to the program.It is established that while PISA has developed the Finnish education system in the early 2000s it has also done some harm and produced tike downfalls. It has been proven to be an expensive way of handling the students who are left(p) behind. These students sometimes become school drop outs or draw out their period of stay in order to successfully complete school. This and then incurs additional costs on the governments.A second major issue is the gender differences in various areas of study. An example of this is in mathematics where girls are less motivated to learn and perform. This also ties in with the fact that girls are underrepresented in certain career fields such as engine room and computer science. This then widens the gap in education and so places more emphasis on one side, rather than an equal and fair system.(Strauss, 2013)Table 7 showing PISA results intuition and Responses to the InstitutionPUBLIC PERCEPTONPositive Perception The OECD is seen as an organization with a bright future because it is forward thinking, one of the best in analysis and policy advice. It is seen as an essential international organization that provides a place for interstate consensus and c ooperation bringing nations with similar challenges of globalisation and sustainable development together. (Julin 2003) The OECD is perceived as being useful with their data since in some instances has improved policies and strategies when used to implement internal measures, (Asia Society. 2014) invalidating PerceptionMr. Paul Krugman is of the view that the OECD in the wake of soaring unemployment rates and low inflation have consistently called for policies that would depress advanced economies even more. He believes the OECD often makes recommendations without a rigid application of conventional economic models. (Krugman 2013)Some believe other institutions such as the World bank and the World Economic Forum have become competitors the OECD and are real outperforming them in issues that were once considered OECD turf. They believed that the OECD is outperformed due to the way in which they operate -extremely slow- making the organization seem powerless to pushing burning prob lems to the top of their agenda. Because of this, there is the perception that the OECD is not a key player in traffic with the issues of globalisation and sustainable development. (Julin 2003)CIVIL SOCIETY AND nongovernmental organizationS loreThe OECD has been engaging with civil society since its inception. For many years the civil societies, particularly those whose focus is on business and labour sectors through the Business and attention Advisory Committee (BIAC) and the Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC) has had a positive response to the OECD since the OECD has increasingly engaged in formal dialogues with them. (Global Policy Forum 2003)On the other hand, some civil organizations a NGOS view the OECD as a servant of developed country interests, sometimes even as an adversary, rather than a partner, in globalization and sustainable development Civil societies in particular criticize the OECD for their lack of receptiveness to membership to nations other than Europe an and a few rich non-European nations (Julin 2003) especially since the dialogue with these other interests are usually informal..ReferencesAsia Society. 2014. What is PISA and Why Does it Matter?Accessed phratry 22, 2014.http//asiasociety.org/education/learning-world/what-pisa-and-why-does-it-matterEconomy Watch. 2010. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Accessed kinsfolk 15, 2014.http//www.economywatch.com/international-organizations/organization-of-economic-cooperation-and-development.htmlFriends of the Chair group on broader measures of progress. 2014. Some national, regional and international efforts andpractices in the measurement of sustainable development and human well-being. Friends of the Chair group on broader measures of progress.Global Policy Forum 2003. NGOs and the OECD. Accessed family line 22, 2014https//www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/177/31572.html,Julin, Jorma. 2003. The OECD Securing the future OECD Observer, December. Acce ssed kinfolk 22, 2014http//www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/1197/The_OECD_Securing_the_future.htmlKrugman, Paul. 2013. Uncertain at the OECD. The New York Times. family line 12, Accessed September 22, 2014http//krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/uncertain-at-the-oecd/?_php=true_type=blogs_r=0OECD 2010, Active with Latin America and Caribbean. Accessed September 28, 2014.http//www.oecd.org/globalrelations/Latin_America_2013_GB.pdfOECD 2010, Latin America and Caribbean meeting on investment for jobs and development, Santiago, Chile, 27-28September 2010 Accessed September 28, 2014 http//www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/latinamericaandcaribbeanconferenceoninvestmentforjobsanddevelopmentsantiagochile27-28september2010.htmOECD 2011. Hows Life? Measuring well-being, OECD Publishing Accessed September 18,2014http//dx.doi.org.10.1787/9789264121164-enOECD 2011. Latin America and Caribbean crowd on investing in infrastructure for jobs and development AccessedSeptember 28, http//www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/latinamericaandcaribbeanconferenceoninvestingininfrastructureforjobsanddevelopment.htmOECD. 2011. OECD Launches Your Better Life Index. Accessed September 20, 2014.http//www.oecd.org/general/oecdlaunchesyourbetterlifeindex.htmOECD 2012. Latin America and Caribbean Conference on international value chains Accessed September 28, 2014.http//www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/conferenceonglobalvalue-chainsandcompetitiveness.htmOECD. 2014. About PISA Accessed September 19, 2014. http//www.oecd.org/pisa/aboutpisa/pisafaq.htmOECD. 2014. History.Accessed September 15, 2014 http//www.oecd.org/about/history/.OECD. 2014. Members and Partners. Accessed September 18, 2014 http//www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/OECD. 2014.Latin America and Caribbean Conference on infrastructure investment Accessed September 28,, 2014.http//www.oecd.org/countries/peru/lac-2014-infrastructure-conference.htmOECD. OECDiLibrary. Accessed September 17, 2014.htt p//www.oecd-ilibrary.org/booksjsessionid=2pk5e0rnb7ls8.x-oecd-live-02OECD. 2014. Who Does What? Accessed September 20 2014http//www.oecd.org/about/whodoeswhat/OECD. 2014. OECD Publishing http//www.oecd.org/about/publishing/OECD ILIBRARY. 2014 Accessed September 20, 2014. http//www.oecd-ilibrary.org/Oxford University Centre for Educational Assessment. 2011. POLICY EFFECTS OF PISA Accessed September 18 2014http//oucea.education.ox.ac.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Policy-Effects-of-PISA-OUCEA.pdfOECD/AfDB/UNDP(2014),African Economic Outlook 2014 Global Value Chains and Africas Industrialisation, OECDPublishing. Accessed September 21, 2014. http//www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/african-economic-outlook_19991029Strauss, Valerie. 2013. Are Finlands vaunted schools slipping? The Washington Post , December 3. Accessed September8, 2014. http//www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2013/12/03/are-finlands-vaunted-schools-slipping/ linked States OECD. 2014. What is the OECD? Accessed September 22, 2014.http//usoecd.usmission.gov/mission/overview.htmlWoodward, Richard. 2009. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Global Institutions, Taylor Francis. Accessed September 15, 201 4http//books.google.tt/books?id=F61_AgAAQBAJpg=PR1lpg=PR1dq=why+is+the+oecd+dismissed+as+a+rich+mans+clubsource=blots=DTD0vhbGIHsig=3s8GpUJXJRm4icRfN8rmkprI5qAhl=ensa=Xei=g8ciVNqSK8eQgwTn7YHQAQredir_esc=yv=twopageqf=false1